In most current farming system classifications (eg “conventional” versus “organic”), each type
of farming system encompasses a wide variety of farming practices and performances …

Abstract Service crops are crops grown with the aim of providing non-marketed ecosystem
services, ie differing from food, fiber and fuel production. Vineyard soils face various …

A comprehensive understanding of ecosystem service (ES) bundles and their
socioecological drivers is vital for ecological management and policymaking. However, the …

Agroforestry systems provide diverse ecosystem services that contribute to farmer
livelihoods and the conservation of natural resources. Despite these known benefits, there is …

The global demand for cacao has recently increased. To meet this demand, the cultivated
area has been expanded in tropical forest areas and production has intensified by replacing …

Cacao agroforestry systems (CAFS) can provide supporting services such as optimum light
conditions for cacao growth, water and nutrient cycling and regulating services such as pest …

In mountainous watersheds, agricultural land use cause changes in ecosystem services,
with trade-offs between crop production and erosion regulation. Management of these …

Intensively managed cropping systems with emphasis on productivity of the main crop can
benefit from additional ecosystem services brought by integration of trees in the system− but …

Arboriculture must maintain acceptable fruit production levels while preserving natural
resources. This duality can be analyzed with the concept of ecosystem service. We reviewed …

Crop losses caused by pests and diseases decrease the incomes and threaten the
livelihoods of thousands of families worldwide. A good example of the magnitude of these …