Lactate (La−) has long been at the center of controversy in research, clinical, and athletic
settings. Since its discovery in 1780, La− has often been erroneously viewed as simply a …

Isotope tracer infusion studies employing lactate, glucose, glycerol, and fatty acid isotope
tracers were central to the deduction and demonstration of the Lactate Shuttle at the whole …

Mitochondrial structures were probably observed microscopically in the 1840s, but the idea
of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) within mitochondria did not appear until the 1930s …

Maximal ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration depends on convergent electron flow
through Complexes I+ II to the Q-junction of the electron transport system (ETS). In most …

Lactate production in skeletal muscle has now been studied for nearly two centuries and still
its production and functional role at rest and during exercise is much debated. In the early …

In skeletal muscle, two major types of muscle fibers exist: slow-twitch oxidative (type I) fibers
designed for low-intensity long-lasting contractions, and fast-twitch glycolytic (type II) fibers …

Mitochondria are unique organelles present in almost all cell types. They are involved not
only in the supply of energy to the host cell, but also in multiple biochemical and biological …

Results of previous studies suggested a role of mitochondria in intracellular and cell-cell
lactate shuttles. Therefore, by using a rat-derived L6 skeletal muscle cell line and confocal …

Objectives: Glucose tolerance and skeletal muscle coenzyme Q10 (Q10) content,
mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) capacity …

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common circulatory disorder of the lower limb arteries
that reduces functional capacity and quality of life of patients. Despite relatively effective …