What factors contribute to the differences in foreign direct investment (FDI) levels in
environments characterized as high risk? While research shows that armed conflict …

Water is a limited resource but it lies at the heart of economies and life on Earth. As it ignores
borders, its exploitation can affect water resource availability and quality even in …

This paper on political instability (PI) and merchandise trade (MT) in Africa analyses data for
52 African countries from 1996 to 2020. Using the system generalized method of moments …

The study investigated the significant association between trade, conflict, macroeconomic
instability, and political instability between Pakistan and India. The time series data used …

Climate change has been linked with increased conflict risk through resource scarcity or
forced migration but there remains a gap in understanding how these impacts vary across …

This paper has three main contributions. First it attempts to measure which APEC countries
are attractive destinations for money laundering to Indonesia. Second it measures and ranks …

We develop a simple (incumbent versus entrant) strategic deterrence model to study the
economic and geopolitical interactions underlying international trade-related infrastructure …

We develop a simple model to explain why a powerful importer country like the United
States may provide political support for international collusive agreements concerning …

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengukur daya tarik antara negara anggota Kerja Sama
Ekonomi Asia Pasifik (APEC) dan Indonesia sebagai tempat pencucian uang hasil …

Sanktionen zielen in der Regel darauf ab, das Verhalten des sanktionierten Landes zu
ändern. Die Ziele von Sanktionen reichen von der Beilegung von (gewaltsamen) Konflikten …