Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with several extrahepatic
manifestations. Patients with HCV may develop mixed cryoglobulinemia and its sequelae …

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that precipitate in vitro at temperatures less than 37° C
and produce organ damage through two main pathways: vascular sludging (hyperviscosity …

Background Patients with vasculitis induced by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) have reduced
levels of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Resolution of HCV infection correlates with cure of …

Protective antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria are only acquired after years of
repeated infections. Chronic malaria exposure is associated with a large increase in atypical …

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is mediated by platelet autoantibodies that accelerate
platelet destruction and inhibit their production. Most cases are considered idiopathic …

Cryoglobulinaemia refers to the serum presence of cryoglobulins, which are defined as
immunoglobulins that precipitate at temperatures< 37° C. Type I cryoglobulinaemia consists …

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites of the obligate intracellular
Apicomplexa phylum the most deadly of which, Plasmodium falciparum, prevails in Africa …

In recent years, intense research efforts have been dedicated to elucidating the pathogenic
mechanisms of HIV-associated disease progression. In addition to the progressive depletion …

Abstract Complement receptor 2–negative (CR2/CD21−) B cells have been found enriched
in patients with autoimmune diseases and in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) …

Type I interferons (IFN-I) have long been heralded as key contributors to effective antiviral
responses. More widely understood in the context of acute viral infection, the role of this …