Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a powerful tool to probe in vivo brain circuits, as it
allows to assess several cortical properties such as excitability, plasticity and connectivity in …

Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can be used to monitor and modulate the
excitability of intracortical neuronal circuits. Long periods of cortical stimulation can produce …

Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

Transcranial focused ultrasound is an emerging form of non-invasive neuromodulation that
uses acoustic energy to affect neuronal excitability. The effect of ultrasound on human motor …

Since the rediscovery of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) about 10 years ago,
interest in tDCS has grown exponentially. A noninvasive stimulation technique that induces …

The motor-evoked potential (MEP) elicited in peripheral muscles by transcranial magnetic
stimulation (TMS) over human motor cortex is one of the hallmark measures for non-invasive …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique for noninvasive stimulation of the
human brain. Stimulation is produced by generating a brief, high-intensity magnetic field by …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of …

A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non‐
invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation …