Hexavalent chromium is mobile, highly toxic and considered as a priority environmental
pollutant. Chromate reductases, found in chromium resistant bacteria are known to catalyse …

What makes a heavy metal resistant bacterium heavy metal resistant? The mechanisms of
action, physiological functions, and distribution of metal-exporting proteins are outlined …

Chromium is a highly toxic non-essential metal for microorganisms and plants. Due to its
widespread industrial use, chromium (Cr) has become a serious pollutant in diverse …

Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal ions including Ag+, AsO2−,
AsO43−, Cd2+, Co2+, CrO42−, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, TeO32−, Tl+, and Zn2+. In …

Heavy metal (loid) s exert selective pressure on microbial communities and evolution of
metal resistance determinants. Despite increasing knowledge concerning the impact of …

The large-scale application of xenobiotics adversely affects the environment. The genes that
are present in the chromosome of the bacteria are considered nonmobile, whereas the …

Abstract Hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] contamination is one of the main problems of
environmental protection because the Cr (VI) is a hazard to human health. The Cr (VI) form …

Studying metal ion resistances gives us important insights into environmental processes and
provides an understanding of basic living processes. This review concentrates on bacterial …

Bacterial plasmids encode resistance systems for toxic metal ions, including Ag+, AsO2-,
AsO43-, Cd2+, Co2+, CrO42-, Cu2+ Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sb3+, TeO32-, Tl+ and Zn2+. The …

Bacteria have inventive and versatile ways to resist anti-biotics and other toxic elements (6).
The earliest characterized mechanisms were those which inactivated the drug or altered its …