Extensive studies on HIV-1 have led to the discovery of a variety of structurally and
functionally diverse innate defense factors that target various steps of the retroviral …

In the past half century, humanity has experienced two devastating pandemics; the HIV-1
pandemic and the recent pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Both emerged as zoonotic …

Modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus does not replicate in human cells and is the vaccine
deployed to curb the current outbreak of mpox. Here, we conduct a multiplexed proteomic …

HIV-1 encodes four" accessory proteins"(Vif, Vpr, Vpu, and Nef), dispensable for viral
replication in vitro but essential for viral pathogenesis in vivo. Well characterized cellular …

Silencing of nuclear DNA is an essential feature of innate immune responses to invading
pathogens. Early in infection, unintegrated lentiviral cDNA accumulates in the nucleus yet …

ABSTRACT HIV-1 must overcome multiple innate antiviral mechanisms to replicate in CD4+
T lymphocytes and macrophages. Previous studies have demonstrated that the …

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative
agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was declared a pandemic infection in March …

Emerging evidence indicates that HIV-1 hijacks host DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways to
facilitate multiple facets of virus replication. Canonically, HIV-1 engages proviral DDR …

Monocytes are a critical component of the cellular innate immune system, and can be
subdivided into classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets on the basis of surface …

Diphthamide, a complex modification on eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2 (eEF2),
assures reading-frame fidelity during translation. Diphthamide and enzymes for its synthesis …