Many studies have been undertaken to reveal how tobacco smoke skews immune
responses contributing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease …

Plant molecular farming (PMF) has been promoted since the 1990s as a rapid, cost-effective
and (most of all) safe alternative to the cultivation of bacteria or animal cells for the …

Growing research and public awareness of the environmental impacts of tobacco present an
opportunity for environmental science and public health to work together. Various United …

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an increasingly popular alternative to combustible
tobacco cigarettes among smokers worldwide. A growing body of research indicates that …

Plants are a significant cause of skin reactions worldwide. Because most affected individuals
do not present to a dermatologist, it is likely that skin reactions to plants are under-reported …

Background/Aim: Cigarette smoke (CS) is a major environmental health threat. The oxidative
stress induced by CS on keratinocytes and the possible protective effect of nicotine, its …

For decades, multinational tobacco companies and their associated organisations have
claimed that tobacco production brings prosperity to farmers and farming communities …

Contact dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with a highly variable prevalence
worldwide. Smoking plays a crucial role in mediating inflammatory skin conditions such as …

Nicotine addiction is a global health problem that causes 4.9 million deaths each year.
Nicotine addiction from smoking tobacco may harm both active and passive smokers. Due to …

Introduction: Indonesia is the fifth tobacco producing country in the world. The climate and
weather in Indonesia are very suitable for tobacco plantations. At harvest season, tobacco …