Substantial advances in the measurement of water content and bulk soil electrical
conductivity (EC) using time domain reflectometry (TDR) have been made in the last two …

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is the most widely used non-destructive method to
determine the water content of soils and other porous media. TDR equipment can be …

A model combining low‐frequency complex conductivity and high‐frequency permittivity is
developed in the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 GHz. The low‐frequency conductivity …

The ability to reliably predict the hydraulic properties of subsurface formations is one of the
most important and challenging goals in hydrogeophysics. In water-saturated environments …

The ability of ground penetrating radar (GPR to provide 'real-time', highresolution,
stratigraphically related, cross-sectional images of the subsurface is the technique's unique …

Recent results from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding
(MARSIS) instrument have been interpreted as evidence of subsurface brine pooled …

Electric polarization is described as the sum of charge accumulations (free charge density)
and orientation of polar molecules such as those of bound and free water molecules (bound …

Electromagnetic (EM) methods for estimation of water content in porous media (eg, soil and
tree stems) are based on estimates of the media's bulk dielectric permittivity, which is …

Water‐saturated porous media exhibit a low‐frequency (< 1 MHz) dispersion of the electrical
conductivity caused by the polarization of the electrical double layer (EDL) coating the …

The availability of reliable constitutive models linking the bulk electric properties of porous
media to their inner structure is a key requirement for useful quantitative applications of …