Virtual and augmented reality have been used to assist and improve human capabilities in
many fields. Most recent advances allow the usage of these technologies for personal and …

Surgical navigation technology combines patient imaging studies with intraoperative real-
time data to improve surgical precision and patient outcomes. The navigation workflow can …

The aim of this study was to report on the clinical experience with microscope-based
augmented reality (AR) in transsphenoidal surgery compared to the classical microscope …

Cranial base procedures involve manipulation of small, delicate and complex structures in
the fields of otology, rhinology, neurosurgery and maxillofacial surgery. Critical nerves and …

Background: Augmented reality (AR) allows the overlapping and integration of virtual
information with the real environment. The camera of the AR device reads the object and …

Background Augmented reality (AR) has become a promising tool in neurosurgery. It can
minimise the anatomical challenges faced by conventional endoscopic or microscopic …

Objective Augmented reality (AR) is a rapidly developing technology. The aim of this
systematic review was to (1) identify and evaluate applications of AR in otolaryngology and …

Objective: Proficiency in endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery requires both substantial
baseline training and progressive lifelong learning. Endoscopic simulation models continue …

Background: AR is a growing field in surgical planning, and has been used by this group to
aide in orthopedic surgery applications. Intraoperative AR registration of preoperative CT …

The landscape of cranial base surgery has undergone monumental transformations over the
past several decades. This article serves as a comprehensive survey, detailing both the …