For most complex traits we have a poor understanding of the positions, phenotypic effects,
and population frequencies of the underlying genetic variants contributing to their variation …

An integrative view of diversity and singularity in the living world requires a better
understanding of the intricate link between genotypes and phenotypes. Here we re …

Abstract The Collaborative Cross (CC) is a mouse genetic reference population whose
range of applications includes quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. The design of a CC QTL …

Modern genetic mapping is plagued by the “missing heritability” problem, which refers to the
discordance between the estimated heritabilities of quantitative traits and the variance …

Animals in nature are frequently challenged by toxic compounds, from those that occur
naturally in plants as a defense against herbivory, to pesticides used to protect crops. On …

Unraveling the genetic architecture of adaptive phenotypic divergence is a fundamental
quest in evolutionary biology. In Drosophila melanogaster, high-altitude melanism has …

Natural populations exhibit a great deal of interindividual genetic variation in the response to
toxins, exemplified by the variable clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs in humans, and …

Organismal fitness depends on adaptation to complex niches where chemical compounds
and pathogens are omnipresent. These stresses can lead to the fixation of alleles in both …

Copper is one of a handful of biologically necessary heavy metals that is also a common
environmental pollutant. Under normal conditions, copper ions are required for many key …

Current studies have demonstrated that innate immunity possesses memory characteristics.
Although the molecular mechanisms underlying innate immune memory have been …