Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) has generally been described as a collection of clinical
manifestations resulting from an overactivated immune system. Cytokine storms (CSs) are …

Synonymous with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, macrophage activation
syndrome (MAS) is a term used by rheumatologists to describe a potentially life-threatening …

Microglia play a critical role in brain homeostasis and disease progression. In
neurodegenerative conditions, microglia acquire the neurodegenerative phenotype (MGnD) …

Background Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare syndrome characterized
by immune dysregulation and hyperinflammation. It typically manifests in infancy and is …

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a syndrome of pathologic immune activation,
often associated with genetic defects of lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Though a distinctive …

Interferon-γ (IFNγ) is a pleiotropic cytokine with multiple effects on the inflammatory
response and on innate and adaptive immunity. Overproduction of IFNγ underlies several …

The application of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy as a tumor immunotherapy
has received great interest in recent years. This therapeutic approach has been used to treat …

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a form of secondary hemophagocytic
lymphohistiocytosis, is a frequently fatal complication of a variety of pediatric inflammatory …

COVID-19 has claimed millions of lives during the last 3 years since initial cases were
reported in Wuhan, China, in 2019. Patients with COVID-19 suffer from severe pneumonia …

Objectives Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a severe, life-threatening complication
of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). The …