This paper studies how import liberalization affects formal employment across gender. The
theory offers a mechanism to explain how male and female formal employment shares can …

Using a cross-section of more than 29,000 manufacturing firms in 64 developing and
emerging countries from the World Bank's Enterprise Surveys, this paper assesses whether …

Understanding the impact of technological penetration and globalisation on wage
differentials and employment is crucial for developing countries aiming for sustainable …

Several empirical studies have shown that the effect of openness on the gender wage gap
depends on the skill requirement of the workplace. This paper offers a theoretical …

The literature on the impact of trade on labour market outcomes has experienced a
remarkable evolution in recent decades. Theory has moved on from oversimplified to more …

abstract Firms engaged in international trade account for a large share of South Africa's
output and employment. Therefore, their behaviour has potentially large effects on national …

This research examines the impact of trade reforms on the gender wage gap (GWG) by
using micro-level data of Pakistan. It is generally believed that the increased foreign …

This paper calls attention to the opportunity for competition authorities to contribute to the
fight for gender equality, the fifth of the UN's sustainable development goals. It argues that …

This chapter examines the inclusiveness of GVCs2 to identify which trade-related policies
can support inclusive development. GVCs account for a major share of international trade …

This paper studies gender differences in labor market responses of workers in Mexico to
trade liberalization with China. To measure exposure to import competition, I exploit …