▪ Abstract The protein kinase Akt/PKB is activated via a multistep process by a variety of
signals. In the early steps of this process, PI-3 kinase-generated D3-phosphorylated …

Since the discovery of insulin roughly 80 yr ago, much has been learned about how target
cells receive, interpret, and respond to this peptide hormone. For example, we now know …

Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells. Although the precise
molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain, insulin initiates its actions …

The stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin in muscle and adipose tissue requires
translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter protein from intracellular storage sites to the …

Migration is a basic feature of many cell types in a wide range of species. Since the 1800s,
cell migration has been proposed to occur in the nervous and immune systems,, and distinct …

Intracellular signal transduction following extracellular ligation by a wide variety of surface
molecules involves the activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases …

Among all the diverse actions of insulin, one of the most critical and intensively studied is its
regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the postabsorptive state, insulin action in muscle and …

Recent reports demonstrate T-cell infiltration of adipose tissue in early obesity. We
hypothesized that interferon (IFN) γ, a major T-cell inflammatory cytokine, would attenuate …

Glucose is cleared from the bloodstream by a family of facilitative transporters (GLUTS),
which catalyze the transport of glucose down its concentration gradient and into cells of …

OBJECTIVE High-fat diet (HFD)-induced adipose tissue inflammation is a critical feature of
diet-induced insulin resistance (IR); however, the contribution of interleukin-1 receptor I (IL …