Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by dopaminergic
neurodegeneration in the brain. The development of parkinsonism is preceded by a long …

Microglia, the immunocompetent cells of the central nervous system (CNS), act as
neuropathology sensors and are neuroprotective under physiological conditions. Microglia …

Retinal neurodegenerative diseases like age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma,
diabetic retinopathy and retinitis pigmentosa each have a different etiology and …

Diseases that affect the eye, including photoreceptor degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and
glaucoma, affect 11.8 million people in the US, resulting in vision loss and blindness. Loss of …

This review summarizes our current knowledge of primate including human retina focusing
on bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells and their connectivity. We have two main …

Background: PD patients often have visual alterations, for example, loss of visual acuity,
contrast sensitivity or motion perception, and diminished electroretinogram responses. PD …

Objective Considering the demonstrated implication of the retina in Parkinson disease (PD)
pathology and the importance of dopaminergic cells in this tissue, we aimed to analyze the …

Despite decades of research, accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease remains a
challenge, and disease-modifying treatments are still lacking. Research into the early …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked primarily by motor
symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability and resting tremor associated …

Visual symptoms are relatively common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and optical coherence
tomography has indicated possible retinal thinning. Accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein …