BACKGROUND: Epidural injections have been used since 1901 in managing low back pain
and sciatica. Spinal pain, disability, health, and economic impact continue to increase …

Introduction Cervical radicular pain is pain perceived in the upper limb, caused by irritation
or compression of a cervical spine nerve, the roots of the nerve, or both. Methods The …

Neurological and other complications of epidural steroid injections have been widely
discussed in recent years. Consequently, the US FDA issued a warning about serious …

Injections. This is a product of consensus by 13 national organizations known as the
Multisociety Pain Workgroup (MPW), excluding the American Society of Intervention Pain …

Back pain is one of the most common medical problems and is associated with high
socioeconomic costs. Imaging-guided spinal injections are a minimally invasive method to …

BACKGROUND: Cervical interlaminar epidural injections are performed frequently in
managing chronic neck and upper extremity pain, although less commonly than lumbar …

Background Lumbosacral transforaminal epidural injection (TFEI) is an effective treatment
for spinal disease. However, TFEI may have several types of complications, some of which …

Background Transforaminal epidural block (TFEB) is an effective treatment option for
radicular pain. To reduce complications from intravascular injection during TFEB, use of …

Purpose Cervical transforaminal epidural blocks (CTEBs) are useful for the treatment of
cervical radicular pain. However, during CTEBs, inadvertent intravascular injection can …

Background: Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are among the most common procedures
performed in an interventional pain management practice. It is well known that tragic …