The frontal lobes in the brain are a component of the cerebral system that supports goal-
directed behaviour. However, their functional organization remains controversial. Recent …

While it is acknowledged that species specific differences are an implicit condition of
comparative studies, rodent models of prefrontal function serve a significant role in the …

The prefrontal cortex makes up almost a quarter of the human brain, and it expanded
dramatically during primate evolution. The Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex presents a …

Distraction and reappraisal are two commonly used forms of cognitive emotion regulation.
Functional neuroimaging studies have shown that each one depends upon interactions …

The ability to group items and events into functional categories is a fundamental
characteristic of sophisticated thought. It is subserved by plasticity in many neural systems …

Although we often encounter circumstances with which we have no prior experience, we
rapidly learn how to behave in these novel situations. Such adaptive behavior relies on …

One of the most intriguing aspects of adaptive behavior involves the inference of regularities
and rules in ever-changing environments. Rules are often deduced through evidence-based …

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) develops from birth through late adolescence. This extended
developmental trajectory provides many opportunities for experience to shape the structure …

Impairments in feedback processing and reinforcement learning appear to be prominent
aspects of schizophrenia (SZ), which may relate to symptoms of the disorder. Evidence from …

BACKGROUND: Participants who are instructed to use reappraisal to downregulate
negative emotion show decreased amygdala responses and increased prefrontal …