Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as
has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the …

Iron deficiency is an important subclinical disease affecting over one billion people
worldwide. A growing body of clinical records supports the use of intravenous iron …

The treatment of iron deficiency anemia with polynuclear iron formulations is an established
therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease but also in other disease areas like …

All intravenous (IV) iron agents are colloids that consist of spheroidal iron-carbohydrate
nanoparticles. At the core of each particle is an iron-oxyhydroxide gel. The core is …

Iron (III)(hydr) oxides formed at extracellular biosurfaces or in the presence of exopolymeric
substances of microbes and plants may significantly differ in their structural and physical …

Background Intravenous iron is a critical component of anaemia management. However,
currently available preparations have been associated with the release of free iron, a …

The advantage of the new generation IV iron preparations ferric carboxymaltose (FCM),
ferumoxytol (FMX), and iron isomaltoside 1000 (IIM) is that they can be administered in …

Certain iron-based particle formulations have useful magnetic properties that, when
combined with low toxicity and desirable pharmacokinetics, encourage their development …

Drug products containing iron oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles (INPs) are important for
the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Pharmaceuticals prepared by the complexation of …

Un-complexed polynuclear ferric oxyhydroxide cannot be administered safely or effectively
to patients. When polynuclear iron cores are formed with carbohydrates of various …