The giant, short-faced hyena Pachycrocuta brevirostris was the largest Hyaenidae ever
existed and the one that perfectly embodied the distinctive bone-cracking adaptations of this …

Equus suessebornensis is one of the most intriguing species of the Early and Middle
Pleistocene Eurasian Equus. Although it was described from the Middle Pleistocene site of …

Late Pleistocene hominins co-evolved with non-analogue assemblages of carnivores and
carnivorous omnivores. Although previous work has carefully examined the ecological and …

Here, we describe a partial cranium of a large canid dated at 406.5±2.4 ka from the Middle
Pleistocene of Ponte Galeria (Rome, Italy). The sample represents one of the few Middle …

The “Wolf event” is a prominent concept in large mammal biochronology of western Europe.
It was defined in the 1980s as an intercontinental “dispersal event”, best represented by the …

Unlike their medium-sized relatives of the genus Canis, whose arrival is dated around 3 Ma,
the appearance in western Europe of large-sized hypercarnivorous canids took place at the …

It has been proposed that suids were absent from Europe during the post-Olduvai to pre-
Jaramillo Early Pleistocene (from less than 1.8 to more than 1.2 Ma) and that their “re …

Equus is a genus that have generated a lot of debate among the scientific community. Its
complex taxonomy led to the set-up of many forms that are questioned nowadays. In Upper …

The fossil record of the cave lion, Panthera spelaea, suggests a gradual decrease in body
size, the process peaking just before the extinction of the species at the end of the Late …

Abstract Karnezeika is an Early Pleistocene locality in the Peloponnese, South Greece.
More than 3000 specimens have been unearthed and studied, revealing the presence of a …