Coal, containing all the elements that are present in nature and more than 200 minerals, has
a complex chemical structure, making it one of the most complex geological materials …

Coal is a complex geologic material composed mainly of organic matter and mineral matter,
the latter including minerals, poorly crystalline mineraloids, and elements associated with …

A series of 20 coal samples were subjected to sequential leaching with ammonium acetate,
hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and nitric acid to quantify the modes of occurrence of …

Coal-based power generation produces over 750Mt of coal ash per year globally, but under
50% of world production is utilised. Large amounts of fly ash are either stored temporarily in …

Growing public awareness of the environmental impact of coal combustion has raised
serious concerns about the various hazardous trace elements produced by coal firing …

Trace elements such as mercury, arsenic and selenium present in coal are known to be of
concern for public health. Coal-fired power plants have resulted in emission of several tons …

Several important aspects are described in this paper. The occurrences of trace elements
(TEs) in coal are introduced. Four main groups of trace element content level, say,> 50, 10 …

Throughout the world, coal is responsible for generating approximately 38% of power. Coal
ash, a waste product, generated from the combustion of coal, consists of fly ash, bottom ash …

Hazardous trace elements (HTEs) can be released into the environment during coal
utilization and lead to a high concentration of HTEs in the environment, especially the …

Environmental legislation has had significant impact on coal utilization, especially coal
combustion for power generation, in limiting emissions of potentially hazardous materials to …