Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease starting with the entry of monocytes into the
subendothelium and the subsequent differentiation into macrophages. Macrophages are the …

Leprosy, a disease caused by the intracellular parasite Mycobacterium leprae or
Mycobacterium lepromatosis, has affected humans for more than 4,000 years and is a …

Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae) and M. lepromatosis, an obligate
intracellular organism, and over 200,000 new cases occur every year. M. leprae parasitizes …

Macrophages play an integral role in host defenses against intracellular bacterial
pathogens. A remarkable plasticity allows for adaptation to the needs of the host to …

Leprosy is an infectious disease that may present different clinical forms depending on host
immune response to Mycobacterium leprae. Several studies have clarified the role of …

Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is still actively transmitted in endemic
areas reflected by the fairly stable number of new cases detected each year. Recognizing …

Purpose Endocrine resistance limits the efficacy of anti-estrogen therapies. Notch signaling
is involved in modulating tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) differentiation and is …

Background Which cell populations that determine the fate of bacteria in infectious
granulomas remain unclear. Leprosy, a granulomatous disease with a strong genetic …

Since the leprosy cases have fallen dramatically, the incidence of leprosy has remained
stable over the past years, indicating that multidrug therapy seems unable to eradicate …

Background Since macrophages are one of the major cell types involved in the
Mycobacterium leprae immune response, roles of the M1 and M2 macrophage …