Obesity is a major health crisis affecting over a third of the global population. This
multifactorial disease is regulated via interoceptive neural circuits in the brain, whose …

Obesity, a major risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases
and certain types of cancer, arises from a chronic positive energy balance that is often due to …

Ghrelin, a gastric-derived acylated peptide, regulates energy homeostasis by transmitting
information about peripheral nutritional status to the brain, and is essential for protecting …

Obesity, which has developed into a global epidemic, is a risk factor in most chronic
diseases and some forms of malignancy. The discovery of leptin in 1994 has opened a new …

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) functions as a center to integrate various
neuronal activities for regulating feeding behavior. Nesfatin-1, a recently discovered …

The neuroendocrine system governs essential survival and homeostatic functions. For
example, growth is needed for development, thermoregulation maintains optimal core …

Ghrelin is a metabolic hormone that promotes energy conservation by regulating appetite
and energy expenditure. Although some studies suggest that antagonizing ghrelin function …

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a highly conserved neuropeptide with orexigenic actions in
discrete hypothalamic nuclei that plays a role in regulating energy homeostasis. NPY …

Ghrelin, an orexigenic peptide synthesized by endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa, is
released in the bloodstream in response to a negative energetic status. Since discovery, the …

Ghrelin is a stomach hormone, secreted into the bloodstream, that initiates food intake by
activating NPY/AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic acruate nucleus. This review focuses on …