The quark model was formulated in 1964 to classify mesons as bound states made of a
quark–antiquark pair, and baryons as bound states made of three quarks. For a long time all …

Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

A large number of experimental discoveries especially in the heavy quarkonium sector that
did not meet the expectations of the until then very successful quark model led to a …

Chiral symmetry and its spontaneous breaking play an important role both in the light
hadron and heavy hadron systems. The chiral perturbation theory (χ PT) is the low energy …

Multiquark resonances are undoubtedly experimentally observed. The number of states and
the amount of details on their properties have been growing over the years. It is very recent …

This review presents an overview of the remarkable progress in the field of heavy-quark
exotic hadrons over the past 15 years. It seeks to be pedagogical rather than exhaustive …

In the past decade many charmonium-like states were observed experimentally. Especially
those charged charmonium-like Z c states and bottomonium-like Z b states cannot be …

In the past two decades, a plethora of hadronic states beyond the conventional quark model
of qq ̄ mesons and qqq baryons have been observed experimentally, which motivated …

This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-
energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum …

The last decade has seen a marked shift in how the internal structure of hadrons is
understood. Modern experimental facilities, new theoretical techniques for the continuum …