Background: A high prevalence of dual use of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes has
been reported across the world. Methods: A systematic search was carried out. We included …

Race is a social construct, commonly used in epidemiologic research to adjust for
confounding. However, adjustment of race may mask racial disparities thereby perpetuating …

This text has been written as a practical guide, based on the author's experience over the
last 40 years of daily clinical practice and aiming to place the modern approach to the …

Background E-cigarettes are often marketed as a less harmful alternative to traditional
tobacco cigarettes. Despite their popularity, the evidence regarding their effects on human …

Vaping, or electronic cigarette (ecig) use, is prevalent among pregnant women, although
little is known about the effects of perinatal ecig use on cardiovascular health of the progeny …

OBJECTIVE: Within the last few years smoking activities, as well as infertility, have increased
in Italy, and so has the consumption of alternative cigarette devices among women of …

Background Missing data are common in observational studies and often occur in several of
the variables required when estimating a causal effect, ie the exposure, outcome and/or …

Introduction As problems associated with infertility and population aging increase, there is a
growing interest in the factors that cause a decline in human fertility. Time-to-pregnancy …

Important differences in health that are closely linked with social disadvantage exist within
and between countries. According to the World Health Organization, life expectancy and …

METHODS Ovaries from 21-and 35-day-old rats were divided into three groups: control (no
intervention), 0.05 mg, and 0.5 mg (e-liquids containing 0.5 mg and 5 mg of nicotine/kg). The …