Background The use of clinical signs, or end‐tidal anaesthetic gas (ETAG), may not be
reliable in measuring the hypnotic component of anaesthesia and may lead to either …

Background The use of clinical signs may not be reliable in measuring the hypnotic
component of anaesthesia. The use of bispectral index (BIS) to guide the dose of …

Background Awareness is an uncommon complication of anaesthesia, affecting 0· 1–0· 2%
of all surgical patients. Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring measures the depth of anaesthesia …

Background Postoperative delirium (POD) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)
may complicate a patient's postoperative recovery in several ways. Monitoring of processed …

BACKGROUND: Improving perioperative efficiency and throughput has become
increasingly important in the modern practice of anesthesiology. Fast-track surgery …

Background Intraoperative awareness with explicit recall occurs in approximately 0.15% of
all surgical cases. Efficacy trials based on the Bispectral Index™(BIS) monitor and …

Since 1997, bispectral index (BIS; Aspect Medical Systems Inc., Natick, MA) has been in
clinical practice and a wealth of experimental research has accumulated on its use …

Depth of anaesthesia monitors might help to individualize anaesthesia by permitting
accurate drug administration against the measured state of arousal of the patient. In …

Laparoscopy is the process of inspecting the abdominal cavity through an endoscope.
Carbon dioxide is most universally used to insufflate the abdominal cavity to facilitate the …

The Bispectral Index (BIS) is a newly processed electroencephalogram parameter that was
specifically developed to measure the hypnotic effects of anesthesia. Results from volunteer …