Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was traditionally thought to be caused by
tobacco smoking. However, recognition of the importance of non-smoking-related risk …

The lung is an organ that is directly exposed to the external environment. Given the large
surface area and extensive ventilation of the lung, it is prone to exposure to airborne …

Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is global concern due to both the ecological damage of
TRAP and the adverse health effects in Humans. Several strategies to reduce TRAP have …

Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been associated with a wide range of adverse
health effects, but it is still unclear how particles from various transport modes differ in terms …

Background The health effects of e-cigarettes in patients with pre-existing lung disease are
unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether aerosols from a fourth-generation …

Rising concerns over environmental and health issues of internal combustion engines,
along with growing energy demands, have motivated investigation into alternative fuels …

Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they
have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may …

Biodiesel is created through the transesterification of fats/oils and its usage is increasing
worldwide as global warming concerns increase. Biodiesel fuel properties change …

Exposure to PM 2.5 has been linked to respiratory disorders, yet knowledge of the molecular
mechanism is limited. Here, PM 2.5 was monitored and collected in central China, and its …

The use of zero-carbon and carbon-neutral fuels reduces emissions of conventional
pollutants, but their emissions can be toxic and have various adverse effects on human …