To better handle real-world uncertainty, concepts such as fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets,
rough sets, and soft sets have been introduced. For example, neutrosophic sets, which …

In this half-day tutorial, we present the current state-of-the-art in optical networks. We begin
by discussing the various optical devices used in optical networks. Then, we present …

A Fuzzy Graph extends classical graph theory by incorporating uncertainty, assigning a
membership degree to each edge. Tree-width [51, 52] is a fundamental measure that …

We present an analytical technique of very low complexity, using the inclusion-exclusion
principle of combinatorics, for the performance evaluation of all-optical, wavelength-division …

In this paper, we analyze the blocking probability of distributed lightpath establishment in
wavelength-routed WDM networks by studying the two basic methods: destination-initiated …

Optical networks and the related technologies, network management software and services
have undergone remarkable developments, and such networks are now the ultra-high …

This article discusses the routing and wavelength assignment (RWA) problem in optical
networks employing wavelenength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. Two variants of …

In this paper, we propose a general scheduled traffic model, sliding scheduled traffic model.
In this model, the setup time t/sub s/of a demand whose holding time is T time units is not …

The routing and spectrum assignment problem has emerged as the key design and control
problem in elastic optical networks. In this work, we show that the spectrum assignment (SA) …

Traffic grooming is an important task in interworking between the wavelength-division
multiplexing (WDM) optical network that supplies" pipes" at the wavelength granularity, and …