Rising concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 results in higher equilibrium concentrations of
dissolved CO 2 in natural waters, with corresponding increases in hydrogen ion and …

Microalgae fuel food webs and biogeochemical cycles of key elements in the ocean. What
determines microalgal dominance in the ocean is a long-standing question. Red tide …

Recently, dinoflagellate blooms have frequently occurred in the coastal waters of Fujian,
East China Sea. In June 2022, a fish-killing bloom of Kareniaceae species occurred in this …

Since 1990s, harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Kareniaceae, primarily caused by species of
Karenia and Karlodinium and rarely by Takayama species, have been substantially …

Mechanisticapproachestoplanktonfood-websoftenrelyonsize-basedmodels.
Thesemodelsdescribe predator–preyrelationshipsbasedonpredator body or cell size …

To explore the ecophysiological characteristics of the kleptoplastidic dinoflagellate Shimiella
gracilenta, we determined its spatiotemporal distribution in Korean coastal waters and …

Water temperature is known to affect the growth and feeding of marine dinoflagellates. Each
dinoflagellate species grows well at a certain optimal temperature but dies at very cold and …

The occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates, many of which are known to be toxic, is a critical
concern for scientists, government officers, and people in the aquaculture, dining, and …

Takayama helix is a mixotrophic dinoflagellate that can feed on diverse algal prey. We
explored the effects of light intensity and water temperature, two important physical factors …

The genus Alexandrium often forms harmful algal blooms causing human illness and large-
scale mortality of fish and shellfish. Thus, Alexandrium bloom dynamics are primary …