Executive summary Despite dramatic improvements in survival, nutrition, and education over
recent decades, today's children face an uncertain future. Climate change, ecological …

With more than one-third of children worldwide living in urban areas, the call for child-
friendly cities (CFC) has increased in urgency; however, many cities are still largely …

The human relationship with nature is a topic that has been explored throughout human
history. More recently, the idea of connection to nature has merged as an important …

Research on residential segregation and health, primarily conducted in the USA, has chiefly
employed city or regional measures of racial segregation. To test our hypothesis that …

The socio-physical qualities of built environments are, in several ways, of imperative
importance for children growing up. The Child-Friendly Cities initiative by UNICEF, an …

Background The urban environment may influence neurodevelopment from conception
onwards, but there is no evaluation of the impact of multiple groups of exposures …

Outdoor play has been associated with children's and adolescents' healthy development
and physical activity. Attributes of the neighbourhood built environment can influence play …

The co-benefits of urban liveability for the economy, social inclusion, environmental and
social sustainability, and public health are now well recognised by all levels of government …

Background: Optimal mental health in early childhood is key to later mental health, physical
health, education, and social outcomes; yet, children facing disadvantage tend to have …

Scientists have, for some time, recognized that development unfolds in numerous settings,
including families, schools, neighborhoods, and organized and unorganized activity …