Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized as important mediators of
intercellular communication. They have important roles in numerous physiological and …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be widely isolated from various tissues including bone
marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissue, with the potential for self-renewal and …

Insufficient tumor accumulation and distribution of photosensitizers as well as low antitumor
immunity severely restrict the therapeutic efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT). Cancer …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel cell‐free strategy for the treatment of
many diseases including cancer. As a result of their natural properties to mediate cell‐to‐cell …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a leading public health problem
worldwide. The global estimated prevalence of CKD is 13.4%(11.7–15.1%), and patients …

Exosomes, a class of small bilayer vesicles derived from virtually all eukaryotic cells, have
been exploited as a promising natural delivery platform due to their low toxicity, excellent …

The main challenges for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint
blockade lie in a lack of sufficient T cell infiltration, tumor immunosuppressive …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have unique structural, compositional, and morphological
characteristics as well as predominant physiochemical stability and biocompatibility …

Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs)
since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological …

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for
cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant …