Given the absence of written records, the main source of information available to analyze
gender inequalities in early complex societies is the human body itself. And yet, for decades …

The advent of genome-wide ancient DNA analysis has revolutionized our understanding of
prehistoric societies. However, studying biological relatedness in these groups requires …

Studies have found a pronounced decline in male effective population sizes worldwide
around 3000–5000 years ago. This bottleneck was not observed for female effective …

Uncertainties regarding traditional osteological methods in biological sex estimation can
often be overcome with genomic and proteomic analyses. The combination of the three …

Roman writers found the relative empowerment of Celtic women remarkable. In southern
Britain, the Late Iron Age Durotriges tribe often buried women with substantial grave goods …

With the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in Central Europe~ 2200 BC, a regional and
supra-regional hierarchical social organization emerged with few individuals in positions of …

Around 120 years ago, a burial was discovered in the Argaric settlement of San Antón, 60
km southeast of Alicante (Spain). Although it was similar to many others recorded during …

Joint inhumations of adults and children are an intriguing aspect of the shift from collective to
single burial rites in third millennium BC Western Eurasia. Here, we revisit two exceptional …

Robust and reliable estimates of how individuals are biologically related to each other are a
key source of information when reconstructing pedigrees. In combination with contextual …

Over the last several decades, the application of aDNA and strontium isotope analyses on
archaeologically recovered human remains has provided new avenues for the investigation …