Cyber-attacks are becoming more common against Internet users due to the increasing
dependency on online communication in their daily lives. X. 509 Public-Key Infrastructure …

With the emergence of digital currencies, blockchain systems have been committed to the
efficient and trusted storage of data, building decentralized, tamper-proof, persistent, and …

Blockchain is a technology with decentralization and immutability features and has been
employed for auditing by many applications. However, immutability sometimes limits the …

Medical supply chain communication networks engender critical information and data.
Notably in the COVID era, inner personal and private information is being shared between …

Privacy-preserving authentication is designed to protect vehicular ad-hoc networks
(VANETs) from illegitimate users and fake messages while maintaining the privacy of …

The accuracy and security of a biometric system are the two sides of a coin. A biometric
system must be simple, flexible, efficient, and secure enough from unauthorized access …

As the voucher for identity, digital certificates and the public key infrastructure (PKI) system
have always played a vital role to provide the authentication services. In recent years, with …

The immutability of blockchains is an important security feature, but applications and studies
have shown that it poses some problems. For instance, harmful information and vulnerable …

Frequent attacks on the certificate authority (CA) have exposed the trust problem of the
traditional public key infrastructure (PKI) for the web service. For example, malicious …

The redactable blockchain provides the editability of blocks, which guarantees the data
immutability of blocks while removing illegal content on the blockchain. However, the …