The air spring is the main part of the secondary suspension of passenger railway vehicles.
The aim of this paper is to review existing modelling techniques for air springs in order to …

Orthogonal experiment design together with the analysis of variance was used to examine
the processing parameters (laser power, scan speed, layer thickness and hatch spacing) of …

A new theoretical model of the dynamic stiffness of air springs based on thermodynamics is
proposed for determining the precise algorithm for air suspension control systems. The …

The secondary suspension of railway vehicles is fundamental for their dynamic behaviour.
This paper outlines a model-based procedure for predicting and evaluating the influence of …

Rail vehicle air spring bellows consisting of cord rubber composites are subject to a wide
variety of stresses. It is therefore crucial to understand the fatigue behavior of such …

To avoid the issues of undesired soil compaction and seeding depth variation caused by the
downforce fluctuation of the corn no-till planter, the influence of the structural parameters of …

This article proposes a heuristic model to predict the fatigue life of rubber parts. The
developed model is mainly based on the Cracking Energy Density (CED), originally …

An adequate and uniform press wheel pressure is crucial for the homogeneous
development of a crop, as it affects actual seeding depth and germination rate. The …

A novel multiaxial energy‐based approach is presented and used to demonstrate the
influence of different finite element (FE) modelling techniques on the prediction of the fatigue …

The air spring in a railway operating environment to perform an appropriate function, it is
necessary to have a design that satisfies the target stiffness. However, mechanical …