De novo transcription of DNA is a fundamental requirement for the formation of long-term
memory. It is required during both consolidation and reconsolidation, the posttraining and …

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ).
Autoantibodies target key molecules at the NMJ, such as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor …

Neuromuscular synapse formation requires a complex exchange of signals between motor
neurons and skeletal muscle fibers, leading to the accumulation of postsynaptic proteins …

We report that, in the rat, administering insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II, also known as
IGF2) significantly enhances memory retention and prevents forgetting. Inhibitory avoidance …

The age of an experimental animal can be a critical variable, yet age matters are often
overlooked within neuroscience. Many studies make use of young animals, without …

Emotionally important events are well remembered. Although memories of emotional
experiences are known to be mediated and modulated by stress hormones such as …

PKMζ is a persistently active PKC isoform proposed to maintain late-LTP and long-term
memory. But late-LTP and memory are maintained without PKMζ in PKMζ-null mice. Two …

How can short-lived molecules selectively maintain the potentiation of activated synapses to
sustain long-term memory? Here, we find kidney and brain expressed adaptor protein …

Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is essential for each step in neuromuscular synapse
formation. Before innervation, MuSK initiates postsynaptic differentiation, priming the muscle …

The amyloid precursor protein (APP) undergoes sequential cleavages to generate various
polypeptides, including the amyloid β (1–42) peptide (Aβ [–]), which is believed to play a …