Defense against stress and active suppression of growth are two complementary strategies
by which plants respond to adverse environments. Although beneficial for plant survival …

Protein kinases are major players in various signal transduction pathways. Understanding
the molecular mechanisms behind plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses has …

Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development,
and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are signaling molecules essential for plant responses to
abiotic and biotic stimuli as well as for multiple developmental processes. They are …

Catalase (CAT) is an extensively studied if somewhat enigmatic enzyme that is at the heart
of eukaryotic antioxidant systems with a canonical role in peroxisomal function. The CAT …

Abiotic stress is a primary threat to fulfill the demand of agricultural production to feed the
world in coming decades. Plants reduce growth and development process during stress …

As sessile organisms, plants must adapt to variations in the environment. Environmental
stress triggers various responses, including growth inhibition, mediated by the plant …

Alternative splicing, which generates multiple transcripts from the same gene, is an
important modulator of gene expression that can increase proteome diversity and regulate …

Increasing vulnerability of plants to a variety of stresses such as drought, salt and extreme
temperatures poses a global threat to sustained growth and productivity of major crops. Of …

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) modules play key roles in the transduction of
environmental and developmental signals through phosphorylation of downstream signaling …