Abstract Purpose of Review The goal of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of
the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of cutaneous, mucosal …

Reevaluation of treatment guidelines for Old and New World leishmaniasis is urgently
needed on a global basis because treatment failure is an increasing problem. Drug …

Diseases caused by Leishmania present a worldwide problem, and current therapeutic
approaches are unable to achieve a sterile cure. Leishmania is able to persist in host cells …

The diagnosis of leishmaniasis can be challenging because it mimics both infectious and
malignant conditions. A misdiagnosis may lead to an unfavorable outcome. Using culture …

Cryptosporidium infects gastrointestinal epithelium and is a leading cause of infectious
diarrhea and diarrheal-related death in children worldwide. There are no vaccines and no …

Leishmania are ancient eukaryotes that have retained the exosome pathway through
evolution. Leishmania RNA virus 1 (LRV1)-infected Leishmania species are associated with …

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth and play a significant role in the
evolution of many organisms and ecosystems. In pathogenic protozoa, the presence of …

The co-infection cases involving dixenous Leishmania spp.(mostly of the L. donovani
complex) and presumably monoxenous trypanosomatids in immunocompromised …

Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (TL) is endemic in Latin America, and Brazil contributes
approximately 20 thousand cases per year. The pathogenesis of TL, however, is still not fully …

Abstract Treatment failure and symptomatic relapse are major concerns in American
tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL). Such complications are seen frequently in Leishmania …