Cancer cells originate from a series of acquired genetic mutations that can drive their
uncontrolled cell proliferation and immune evasion. Environmental factors, including the …

Interleukins and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for innate and
adaptive immune cells as well as non-immune cells and tissues. Thus, interleukins have a …

The microbiota comprises the microorganisms that live in close contact with the host, with
mutual benefit for both counterparts. The contribution of the gut microbiota to the emergence …

Immune tolerance deletes or suppresses autoreactive lymphocytes and is established at
multiple levels during the development, activation and effector phases of T and B cells …

IL-17 is a highly versatile pro-inflammatory cytokine crucial for a variety of processes,
including host defense, tissue repair, the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease and the …

The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently
owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects of host …

Gut microbiota was only considered as a commensal organism that aids in digestion, but
recent studies revealed that the microbiome play a critical role in both physiological and …

Avoiding immune destruction is a hallmark of cancer. Over the past few years, significant
advances have been made in understanding immune dysfunction and immunosuppression …

Over the past 20 years, the regulatory approval of several novel agents to treat multiple
myeloma (MM) has prolonged median patient survival from 3 to 8-10 years. Increased …

Multiple myeloma (MM), a bone marrow–resident hematological malignancy of plasma cells,
has remained largely incurable despite dramatic improvements in patient outcomes in the …