Adjuvants are indispensable components of vaccines. Despite being widely used in
vaccines, their action mechanisms are not yet clear. With a greater understanding of the …

Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Biomolecule-based nanostructures are inherently multifunctional and harbour diverse
biological activities, which can be explored for cancer nanomedicine. The supramolecular …

Albumin is an appealing carrier in nanomedicine because of its unique features. First, it is
the most abundant protein in plasma, endowing high biocompatibility, biodegradability …

Among the many challenges in medicine, the treatment and cure of cancer remains an
outstanding goal given the complexity and diversity of the disease. Nanotheranostics, the …

Current cancer immunotherapy [eg, immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)] only benefits small
subsets of patients, largely due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In …

Therapeutic targeting of the immune system in cancer is now a clinical reality and marked
successes have been achieved, most notably through the use of checkpoint blockade …

Cancer vaccines have emerged as a powerful new tool for cancer immunotherapy.
Adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that enhance the strength, velocity, and duration of the …

Cancer immunotherapy is revolutionizing oncology. However, dose-limiting toxicities and
low patient response rates remain major challenges in the clinic. Cancer nanomedicine in …

Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor‐specific responses for the immune system to identify
and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing the normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer …