Turtles (Testudinata) are the clade of amniotes characterized by a complete turtle shell. New
insights into the phylogeny of the group have revealed that a diverse assemblage of fossil …

Poropat, SF, Martin, SK, Tosolini, A.-MP, Wagstaff, BE, Bean, LB, Kear, BP, Vickers-Rich, P.
& Rich, TH, May 2018. Early Cretaceous polar biotas of Victoria, southeastern Australia—an …

Over the last 25 years, researchers, mostly paleontologists, have developed a system of
rank-free, phylogenetically defined names for the primary clades of turtles. As these names …

Despite their complex evolutionary history and the rich fossil record, the higher level
phylogeny and historical biogeography of living turtles have not been investigated in a …

Evolutionary transitions to marine habitats occurred frequently among Mesozoic reptiles.
Only one such clade survives to the present: sea turtles (Chelonioidea). Other marine turtles …

Global biodiversity currently peaks at the equator and decreases toward the poles. Growing
fossil evidence suggest this hump-shaped latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) has not been …

Turtles are a charismatic reptile group with a peculiar body plan, which most notably
includes the shell. Anatomists have often focused descriptive efforts on the shell and other …

Phylonyms is an implementation of PhyloCode, which is a set of principles, rules, and
recommendations governing phylogenetic nomenclature. Nearly 300 clades-lineages of …

Pleurodires or side-necked turtles are today restricted to freshwater environments of South
America, Africa–Madagascar and Australia, but in the past they were distributed much more …

This chapter will cover clade definitions, the relationships within clades as well as the
occasional controversial relationships between different clades. Phylogenies arising from a …