The rat has been extensively used as a small animal model. Many genetically engineered
rat models have emerged in the last two decades, and the advent of gene-specific …

The humanization of animals is a powerful tool for the exploration of human disease
pathogenesis in biomedical research, as well as for the development of therapeutic …

Organ transplantation remains the most optimal strategy for patients with end-stage organ
failure. However, prevailing methods of immunosuppression are marred by adverse side …

Background. Highly sensitized candidates on the transplant waitlist remain a significant
challenge, as current desensitization protocols have variable success rates of donor-specific …

APRIL (A proliferation inducing ligand) and BLyS (B Lymphocyte Stimulator) are two critical
survival factors for B lymphocytes and plasma cells, the main source of alloantibody. We …

Innate immune cells are critical for transplant response. As an important cellular component
of innate immune cells, macrophages are the predominate infiltrated cells in allografts, and …

B cells are differentiated to recognize antigen and respond by producing antibodies. These
activities, governed by recognition of ancillary signals, defend the individual against …

Non-invasively monitoring allogeneic graft rejection with a specific marker is of great
importance for prognosis of patients. Recently, data revealed that IL-27Rα was up-regulated …

Production of immunodeficient (ID) models in non-murine animal species had been
extremely challenging until the advent of gene-editing tools: first zinc finger nuclease (ZFN) …

Background. Transplant glomerulopathy (TG) is a pathological feature of chronic active
antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) and is associated with renal allograft failure. The …