The folliculo-stellate cells (FS cells) in the anterior pituitary gland are characterized by their
star-like appearance and their ability to form follicles. Although FS cells do not produce any …

Pituitary Cytokine and Growth Factor Expression and Action | Endocrine Reviews | Oxford
Academic Skip to Main Content Advertisement Oxford Academic Journals Books Search …

The anterior pituitary gland has the ability to respond to complex signals derived from central
and peripheral systems. Perception of these signals and their integration are mediated by …

Recent evidence has demonstrated that cytokines and other growth factors act in the
anterior pituitary gland. Using the traditional criteria employed to determine autocrine or …

Folliculo‐stellate cells (FS‐cells) are star‐shaped and follicle‐forming cells in the anterior
pituitary gland that were first identified by electron microscopy as non‐endocrine agranular …

The microenvironment of pituitary adenomas (PAs) includes a range of non-tumoral cells,
such as immune and stromal cells, as well as cell signaling molecules such as cytokines …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) includes a variety of non-neoplastic cells and non-
cellular elements such as cytokines, growth factors and enzymes surrounding tumour cells …

E. hZAC F. NM23 G. Other tumor suppressor genes IV. Specific Genes A. Regulatory
receptor genes B. Cytokines and growth factors C. Developmental genes V. Miscellaneous …

Cytokines are soluble mediators of immune function that also regulate several endocrine
systems. Interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) each mediate certain …

It is now largely established that the immune and neuroendocrine systems cross-talk by
using similar ligands and receptors. In this context, the thymus-hypothalamus/pituitary axis …