Fluctuations in progesterone (P4) and estradiol (E2) across the menstrual cycle can exert
direct effects on biological systems implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders and represent a …

Introduction Scholars have established subcategories of aggressive behavior in order to
better understand this construct. Specifically, a classification based on motivational …

Premenstrual symptoms are experienced by many female individuals during their fertile age.
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a sex-specific mood disorder, affects about 5% of …

The female reproductive years are characterized by fluctuations in ovarian hormones across
the menstrual cycle, which have the potential to modulate neurophysiological and …

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is characterized by the predictable onset of mood
and physical symptoms secondary to gonadal steroid fluctuation during the luteal phase of …

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder is a female affective disorder that is defined by mood
symptoms. The condition is linked to unstable progesterone concentrations. Progestin …

Progesterone is a highly lipophilic gonadal hormone that can influence behavior and mental
health through its receptors in the brain. Fluctuations in progesterone levels across critical …

Progestins are an important component of hormonal contraceptives (HCs) and hormone
replacement therapies (HRTs). Despite an increasing number of studies elucidating the …

Background Increased reactivity to response conflict and errors, processes governed by the
dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), have both been implicated in anxiety. Anxiety is …

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) encompass a
variety of symptoms that occur during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and impair …