Although immunotherapy research to date has focused largely on T cells, there is mounting
evidence that tumour-infiltrating B cells and plasma cells (collectively referred to as tumour …

Cancer is a clonal disorder derived from a single ancestor cell and its progenies that are
positively selected by acquisition of 'driver mutations'. However, the evolution of positively …

The past decade of cancer research has been marked by a growing appreciation of the role
of immunity in cancer. Mutations in the tumour genome can cause tumours to express …

A fundamental prerequisite for the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy is the presence of
functional, antigen-specific T cells within the tumor. Neoantigen-directed therapy is a …

The microbiome is represented by microorganisms which live in a symbiotic way with the
mammalian. Microorganisms have the ability to influence different physiological aspects …

The clinical relevance of T cells in the control of a diverse set of human cancers is now
beyond doubt. However, the nature of the antigens that allow the immune system to …

Background Immune infiltration of breast tumours is associated with clinical outcome.
However, past work has not accounted for the diversity of functionally distinct cell types that …

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the management of
advanced cancers. Designed to enhance the antitumour immune response, they can also …

The immune system is capable of recognizing tumors and eliminates many early malignant
cells. However, tumors evolve to evade immune attack, and the tumor microenvironment is …

Objective Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI s) are improving prognoses in advanced stage
cancers, but they also lead to immune‐related adverse events (IRAE s). IRAE s targeting …