The centenary of insulin discovery represents an important opportunity to transform diabetes
from a fatal diagnosis into a medically manageable chronic condition. Insulin is a key …

Nowadays, diabetes and obesity are two main health-threatening metabolic disorders in the
world, which increase the risk for many chronic diseases. Apelin, a peptide hormone, exerts …

The increasing prevalence of diabetes has resulted in a global epidemic. Diabetes is a
major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and amputation of lower limbs …

White adipose tissue is recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ able to produce and
release several bioactive polypeptides known as adipokines. Obesity is defined as an …

Crosstalk between organs is crucial for controlling numerous homeostatic systems (eg
energy balance, glucose metabolism and immunity). Several pathological conditions, such …

Growing evidence supports the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity, type 2
diabetes, and low-grade inflammation. The endocrine activity of adipose tissue has been …

Apelin is a peptide known as the ligand of the G-protein-coupled receptor APJ. Several
active apelin forms exist such as apelin-36, apelin-17, apelin-13, and the pyroglutamated …

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female
reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of …

Insulin resistance is a main feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several
mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance have been proposed. Adipose tissue …

The dysregulation of the β-cell functional mass, which is a reduction in the number of β-cells
and their ability to secure adequate insulin secretion, represents a key mechanistic factor …