Despite the development of highly effective treatments for relapsing–remitting multiple
sclerosis (MS), limited progress has been made in addressing primary progressive or …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of secreted membrane
vesicles, with distinct biogenesis routes, biophysical properties and different functions both …

Microglia are highly plastic immune cells which exist in a continuum of activation states. By
shaping the function of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), the brain cells which …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous
system. Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are reduced in frequency and dysfunctional in …

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant tumor within the brain. Generally classified as
primary and secondary with several different subtypes, ample molecular biomarkers have …

Objective MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded, small noncoding RNAs that regulate
gene expression. Because they are stable in serum, they are being developed as …

Substantial effort has been made over the last six decades to identify biomarkers for multiple
sclerosis that can improve disease diagnosis, predict disease progression, and improve …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are essential post-transcriptional gene regulators involved in various
neuronal and non-neuronal cell functions and play a key role in pathological conditions …

In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) have gained increased attention from researchers
around the globe. Although it is twenty nucleotides long, it can modulate several gene …

For many neurological diseases, the efficacy and outcome of treatment depend on early
detection. Diagnosis is currently based on the detection of symptoms and neuroimaging …