Honey bee immune responses are composed of a complex suite of individual immune
mechanisms and special types of behavioral adaptations. The main focus of this paper is …

Deformed wing virus (DWV) and its vector, the mite Varroa destructor, are a major threat to
the world's honeybees. Although the impact of Varroa on colony-level DWV epidemiology is …

Afforestation and forest management are considered to be key instruments in mitigating
climate change. Here we show that since 1750, in spite of considerable afforestation, wood …

In honey bees, Varroa sensitive hygiene (VSH) behaviour, which involves the detection and
removal of brood parasitised by the mite Varroa destructor, can actively participate in the …

The honeybee is one of the most valuable insect pollinators, playing a key role in pollinating
wild vegetation and agricultural crops, with significant contribution to the world's food …

The co-operation of specialized organ systems in complex multicellular organisms depends
on effective chemical communication. Thus, body fluids (like blood, lymph or intraspinal …

Viral diseases of honeybees are a major challenge for the global beekeeping industry.
Chinese indigenous honeybee (Apis cerana cerana, Acc) is one of the major Asian …

Hemolymph is vital for the flow and transportation of nutrients, ions, and hormones in the
honey bee and plays role in innate immune defense. The proteome of the hemolymph …

Abstract Honeybee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) colonies in temperate zones produce either
summer bees, which have a lifespan of 15 to 48 days, or winter bees, which emerge in late …

Eusocial behavior is extensively studied in the honeybee, Apis mellifera, as it displays an
extreme form of altruism. Honeybee workers are generally obligatory sterile in a bee colony …