Both oxidative stress and inflammation are enhanced in chronic heart failure. Dysfunction of
cardiac mitochondria is a hallmark of heart failure and a leading cause of oxidative stress …

Redox signaling refers to the specific and usually reversible oxidation/reduction modification
of molecules involved in cellular signaling pathways. In the heart, redox signaling regulates …

The aging heart is characterized by morphological and structural changes that lead to its
functional decline and are associated with diminished ability to meet increased demand …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), whether produced endogenously as a consequence of
normal cell functions or derived from external sources, pose a constant threat to cells living …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in most aging-related
diseases. ROS are produced at the respiratory chain that demands NADH for electron …

In response to myocardial infarction (MI), the wound healing response of the left ventricle
(LV) comprises overlapping inflammatory, proliferative, and maturation phases, and the …

Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix
proteins in the mesangium and basement membrane of the glomerulus and in the renal …

Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the
most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. The treatment costs of diabetes …

Fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in the cardiac interstitium. As the main matrix-
producing cells in the adult mammalian heart, fibroblasts maintain the integrity of the …

Diabetic retinopathy continues to be the leading cause of legal blindness among working-
age individuals. The earliest histological features of diabetic retinopathy include neuroretinal …