Twenty years ago, measurements on ice cores showed that the concentration of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere was lower during ice ages than it is today. As yet, there is no …

Knowledge of the state of the earth at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, an interval around
21,000 years ago) is an important benchmark for understanding the sensitivity of global …

The nitrogen-isotope record preserved in Southern Ocean sediments, along with several
geochemical tracers for the settling fluxes of biogenic matter, reveals patterns of past nutrient …

Current multi-proxy studies on a long sediment sequence preserved at Sokli (N Finland), ie
in the central area of Fennoscandian glaciations, are drastically changing classic ideas of …

Abstract The Last Interglacial (LIG, 129–116 thousand of years BP, ka) represents a test bed
for climate model feedbacks in warmer-than-present high latitude regions. However, mainly …

Glaciological and oceanographic observations coupled with numerical models show that
warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) incursions onto the West Antarctic continental shelf …

Subpolar North Atlantic proxy records document millennial-scale climate variations 500,000
to 340,000 years ago. The cycles have an approximately constant pacing that is similar to …

Salinity-driven density stratification of the upper Arctic Ocean isolates sea-ice cover and
cold, nutrient-poor surface waters from underlying warmer, nutrient-rich waters. Recently …

The two main constituent water masses of the deep North Atlantic Ocean—North Atlantic
Deep Water at the bottom and Labrador Sea Water at an intermediate level—are currently …

Detailed faunal, isotopic, and lithic marine records provide new insight into the stability and
climate progression of the last interglacial period, Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, which …