The present paper aims to analyze and discuss the available evidence supporting the
relationship between male sexual function and elevated prolactin (PRL) levels (HPRL). Two …

In birds, parental care and attachment period differ widely depending on the species
(altricial or precocial), developmental strategies, and life history traits. In most bird species …

Climate change is dramatically altering our planet, yet our understanding of mechanisms of
thermal tolerance is limited in wild birds. We characterized natural variation in heat shock …

Many species exhibit biparental care to maximize fitness. When a partner is lost, the
surviving partner may alter their behavior to compensate offspring. Whether both sexes use …

Gonadal sex steroid hormones are well-studied modulators of reproductive physiology and
behavior. Recent behavioral endocrinology research has focused on how the brain …

Pullets reared with diverse behavioral experiences are faster to learn spatial cognition tasks
and acclimate more successfully to laying environments with elevated structures. However …

Parental care is regulated by multiple endocrine mechanisms. Among these hormones,
prolactin (PRL) is involved in the expression of parental behaviors. Despite the consensus …

As animals gain parental experience, they often show more rapid and efficient parental care
responses that likely improve offspring survival and fitness. Changes in circulating …

The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) is the key neuroendocrine axis involved in
reproductive regulation. Brain and muscle ARNT‐like protein 1 (Bmal1) participates in …

Prolactin is involved in regulating various physiological activities of vertebrates and is one of
the most momentous pituitary hormones. However, not enough attention is currently paid to …