A fractional-N frequency synthesizer inherently exhibits spurs by virtue of the fact that its
output frequency is not an integer multiple of its reference frequency. Until recently, it …

The book Computer Applications in Engineering and Management is about computer
applications in management, electrical engineering, electronics engineering, and civil …

For multistage noise-shaping (MASH) delta-sigma modulation, this paper presents a new
structure that is free of spurs for all input values. The proposed MASH structure cascades …

The digital multistage-noise-shaping (MASH) ΣΔ modulators used in fractional frequency
synthesizers are prone to spur tone generation in their output spectrum. In this paper, the …

Digital-to-analog converters based on delta-sigma modulators (ΔΣ-modulators) are
reviewed. The structure and working principle of digital sigma-delta converters are …

In this two-part paper, a design methodology for bus-splitting digital delta-sigma modulators
(DDSMs) is presented. The design methodology is based on error masking and is applied to …

Digital delta-sigma modulators (DDSMs) are finite state machines; their spectra are
characterized by strong periodic tones (so-called spurs) when they cycle repeatedly in time …

This brief shows that applying a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) dither to a digital delta-
sigma modulator (DDSM) cannot always increase its fundamental period. For some DDSMs …

This paper presents a mathematical analysis of the power spectral density of the output of a
nonlinear block driven by a digital delta-sigma modulator. The nonlinearity is a memoryless …

Digital delta-sigma modulators (DDSMs) are finite state machines; their spectra are
characterized by strong periodic tones (so-called spurs) when they cycle repeatedly in time …